Jan 01, 2005 111 alternative fuels and their application to combustion engin es fig. Gas is a category that includes both gasoline and nonplugin hybrid vehicles combined. Energy information administration alternative fuels provides estimated alternative fuels consumption data, the number of alternative fuel vehicles in use, survey data, articles, and related information. Environmental damage fossil fuel emissions from vehicles damage the environment and contribute to air pollution. The alternative motor vehicle tax credit is for placing a qualified fuel cell vehicle in service and may only be claimed by the original purchaser of the vehicle. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicles and. The transition is being driven by regulatory policies with the objective of reducing fuel consumption and, more recently, reducing the greenhouse gas emissions of the vehicle fuel combination. Section 5 of this paper includes a brief discussion on the various incentive types and programs that are available for alternative fuel vehicles, identifying many.
Rather, states and local authorities should determine whether to use such signs on federallydesignated alternative fuels corridors. In this paper, we introduce a general framework for evaluating the transitions toward sustainable alternative fuel vehicles, which takes into account supply and demand of both vehicles and fuels. In this ready reference, top academic researchers, industry players and government officers join forces to develop commercial concepts for the transition from current nuclear or fossil fuel based energy to renewable energy systems within a limited time span. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems in. Dan sperling november, 2012 fall quarter 2012 energy and environmental aspects of transportation civil and environmental engineering eci 163 environmental science and policy esp 163. Measures to increase the demand of alternative fuels vehicles 45. Each vehicle class considered in the study was modeled with a set of technology options, as shown in table 5. Developing hydrogen fueling infrastructure for fuel cell vehicles. As the years pass research of alternative fuels is becoming more and more imperative. The 20 nas study is the 20 national academy of sciences transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report. A 20% power from renewable resources by 2020, 50% by 2050 and 100% by 2100 is a good energy transition initiative. Alternative fuels, known as nonconventional and advanced fuels, are any materials or substances that can be used as fuels, other than conventional fuels like.
Assessment of technologies for improving fuel economy of lightduty vehicles, phase 2, national research council, the national academy of sciences 2015 transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, national research council, the national academy of sciences 20. Adoption dynamics for alternative vehicles are complex, owing to the size and importance of the auto industry and vehicle installed base. Clean transport european commission european union. Alternative fuels corridor signs shall comply with the provisions of part 2 of the mutcd. These fuels include biodiesel, ethanol, propane autogas, compressed natural gas cng, and electricity. Adoption dynamics for alternative vehicles are complex due to the size and importance of the auto industry and vehicle installed base. Afv grant applications will be considered for projects requesting. Greenhouse gasessuch as carbon advanced technology and alternative fuel vehicles this document was produced for the u. Global vehicle population has undergone profound growth over the past few decades. A hybrid modeling framework for diffusion of alternative. Alternative transport fuels an overview cpcb envis. What would it mean if all light vehicles in germany switched to one alternative co2 neutral fuel. Vehicles that run on these fuels come in all sizes and body styles including passenger cars, minivans, pickup trucks, heavy trucks, transit buses, and utility vehicles.
This information, among the other guidance documents elaborated by the. The survey was conducted as a computerassisted personal interview and included a choice experiment involving cars with various fuel types. Download a pdf of transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels by the national research council for free. A qualified fuel cell motor vehicle is a vehicle propelled by power from one or more cells which convert chemical energy directly into electricity. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels ebook, 20. Renewable energy to fuels through utilization of energy. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels 20 the. Lovell federal health care center departments of veterans affairs and navy in north chicago, illinois, reduced greenhouse gases by incorporating electric vehicles and alternative fuels into fleet operations. Total cost of ownership and usability are sometimes at.
Department of energy doe by the national renewable energy laboratory nrel, a doe national laboratory. Sterman mit sloan school of management, cambridge ma 02142 forthcoming environment and planning b abstract automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and iceelectric hybrids. Clean transport support to the member states for the. Click download or read online button to get transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels book now. Energy security concerns about petroleum imports and the effect of greenhouse gas ghg emissions on global climate are driving interest in alternatives.
This list provides a snapshot of the vehicles available. Cng and lng for vehicles and ships the facts transport. Alternative fuels and advanced vehicle technologies. What is required for early alternative fuelvehicle transitions to succeed.
We study the impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative fuel vehicles, using data from a survey of potential car buyers in germany. Alternative fuels are available nationwide in a growing network of public and private fueling facilities. The use of gasoline for transportation is the most commonly used fuel. The transition is being driven by regulatory policies with the objective. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels the national. Compressed natural gas cng or lique fied petroleum gas lpg. Committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels national research council u. This issue assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and.
Transitions to gaseous fuels natural gas and hydrogen, 3. Signing for designated alternative fuels corridors fhwa. Summary on national plans for alternative fuel infrastructure. Dedicated vehicles are designed to operate exclusively on one alternative fuel. Report on the assessment of the member states national. Limited consideration is given to air transportation. Alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems 1071. These predicaments have in turn compelled governments to impose regulations on emission levels and seek alternative fuel options.
This upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. The countys fleet includes 112 flexfuel vehicles, 140 hybrids, and 46 cng fueled vehicles. W hat is a fuel used for fuels are mostly used as convenient energy stores because of their high specific energy release when burnt with omnipresent ambient air or other specific oxidiser.
Steps scenario model for alternative fuel adoption in the u. The use of alternative fuels can potentially lower emissions of criteria pollutants and greenhouse gases, and reduce americas dependence on imported oil. The first generally refers to vehicles owned by firms or government agencies, while the second is commonly used to denote private vehicles. The alternative fuels program is working hard to promote the use of alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles in new york city but its main challenge is to develop refueling sites for alternative fuels. More than a dozen alternative fuels are in production or under development for use in alternative fuel vehicles and advanced technology vehicles. The transition to sustainable energy for transportation. Alternative fuels seminar report pdf ppt download this upsurge in vehicle population has payed the foundation for several economical and environmental concerns. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels download.
Fuel cell technologies program national academy of. Interaction of various aspects covered in the npf and resulting impacts the methodology for the assessment of the national policy frameworks npfs. Disconnect between consumers stated interest in alternative. Download it once and read it on your kindle device, pc, phones or tablets. From co2 neutral fuels to emission free driving pwc. Sterman mit sloan school of management, cambridge ma 02142 abstract automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and iceelectric hybrids. Summary of current status of alternative fuels and vehicles. The purpose of the renewable energy to fuels through utilization of energy dense liquids refuel program is to develop scalable technologies for conversion of electrical or thermal energy from renewable sources into chemical energy contained in energy dense carbonneutral liquid fuels cnlf that can be stored, transported, and later. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, committee. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems jeroen struben john d. For 2050, we must keep our focus on lightduty electrification. Policies that encourage or mandate use of alternative fuel vehicles in government fleets, thereby increasing demand for such fuels, are one popular approach to stimulating further development of. Abstract automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and iceelectric hybrids.
Committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels board on energy and environmental systems division on engineering and physical sciences. A variety of alternative fuels will be considered such as hydrogen, fuels derived from fossil feedstocks, and different biofuels derived from biomass feedstocks. Clean cities guide to alternative fuel and advanced medium and heavyduty vehicles 4 about the guide todays fleets are increasingly interested in medium and heavyduty vehicles that use alternative fuels or advanced technologies that can help reduce operating costs, meet emissions requirements, improve fleet sustainability, and. Assess the status and prospects for current and future fuels and electric power that would be needed to power the vehicles. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels 20 for a century, almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Although not yet required by law, many local governments have also begun to purchase afvs for the same reasons. Increasing the physical share of biofuels energy content in road transport fuels to 30 % expanding the refuelling infrastructure for alternative energies in transport recharging of electric vehicles, gaseous fuels including hydrogen encouraging the uptake of alternative vehicles, the. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems july 2015 5 1 introduction it is expected that alternative fuels will play a more and more prominent role in the decade to come in view of the eu objectives of gradually substituting fossil fuels with fuels of renewable origin, growth and jobs, competitiveness, transport decarbonisation. Government and privatesector vehicle fleets are the primary users for most of these fuels and vehicles, but individual consumers are increasingly interested in them. In the near future our fossil fuels that we use to power our lives will be gone. Drive clean a california air resources board web site that showcases the cleanest vehicles on the market. Tr anspor tation, petroleum use, and alter natives guest lecture. Part of this strategy includes mandates that federal vehicle fleets transition from conventional fuel vehicles to any number of alternative fuel vehicles afvs. A federal trade commission resource with information for consumers and manufacturers on labeling alternative fuels and alternative fuel vehicles.
Strategies to encourage use by state and local governments peter moulton. The impact of fuel availability on demand for alternative. What is required for early alternative fuelvehicle. Developing hydrogen fueling infrastructure for fuel cell. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report of. Major players in the aviation, automotive and train industries have made investments in alternative fuels that are signaling a new era for the energy industry. Diffusion of alternative vehicles is both enabled and constrained by powerful. Our endeavur in exploring different alternative fuels like natural gas, alcohols, etc. This report examines the current capability and estimated future performance and costs for each vehicle type and nonpetroleumbased fuel technology as.
Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicles and transportation systems. The contribution of advanced renewable transport fuels to. Alternative drive trains and fuels in road freight. How alternative fuels are changing these transportation. Alternatives to traditional transportation fuels 2009 april 2011 u. Current vehicle standards are feasible with existing liquid fuels. Alternative fuel vehicles slowly but surely our nations natural resources are running out. Pdf alternative fuels and their application to combustion. For example, the model can be configured to represent ice and alternatives such as iceelectric hybrid, cng. Virginia supports the advancement of alternative transportation fuels and vehicles, and seeks opportunities to support a variety of alternative fuel projects across the commonwealth. Energy information administration alterna tives to traditional transportation fuels, 2009 tables vehicles supplied table s1. Must consider biofuels in the context of full transportation sector ghg goals. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels kindle edition by committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels, board on energy and environmental systems, division on engineering and physical sciences, national research council. At the 98th annual meeting of the national governors association, the natural resources committee heard presentations on the topic, challenges facing the expanded use of alternative transportation.
However, there are multiple alternative fuels that are making their ways to the market. Essay about alternative fuel vehicles 2299 words bartleby. Hydrogen and fuel cell technical advisory committee. The use of energy is a factor in all our lives, and that is why it is important for us teachers to have our students learn about the energy we use now and the new forms of energy that are becoming available.
For a century, almost all lightduty vehicles ldvs have been powered by internal combustion engines operating on petroleum fuels. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels report of the. Car fuel efficiency drawdown technical assessment references alternative fuels data center. Transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and. A status update this briefing provides a synthesis of information regarding the global development of hydrogen fueling infrastructure to power fuel cell vehicles. Alternative fuel and advanced vehicle search find and compare alternative fuel vehicles afvs, engines, and hybridconversion systems. It is assumed that batteryelectric, fuel cell, and gridconnected hybrid vehicles that will be commercially available in the future will consume some alternative fuels. Some of the lightduty afvs may count toward vehicleacquisition requirements for federal fleets and state and alternative fuel provider fleets regulated by the energy policy act epact.
Mpgge represents new vehicle fuel economy in realworld onroad conditions. Sperling and ogden, 2004, iceelectric hybrids demirdoven and duetch, 2004, transition challenges for alternative fuel vehicle and transportation systems jeroen struben, john d sterman. Automakers are now developing alternatives to internal combustion engines ice, including hydrogen fuel cells and ice electric hybrids. Sunita satyapal program manager fuel cell technologies program u.
Part of the results of this activity is reported in the following figures showing. Clean cities guide to alternative fuel and advanced medium. Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading. Contra costa countys fleet consists of vehicles that use different alternative fuels, including biodiesel and compressed natural gas cng, as well as hybrids and flexfuel vehicles that can use gasoline and ethanol. State of the art on alternative fuels transport systems in the. These alternative fuels include such things as propane, natural gas, electric hybrids, hydrogen fuel cells, and biodiesel. Transition to renewable energy systems wiley online books. Fuelefficient and alternativefuel vehicles community. The committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels is grateful to the many individuals who contributed their time and efforts to this national research council nrc study. Doego1020011142 august 2001 advanced technology and. This chapter discusses the fuel production and use associated with striving to meet the overall study goals of a 50 percent reduction in petroleum use by 2030 and an 80 percent reduction in petroleum use and in greenhouse gas ghg emissions from the lightduty vehicle ldv fleet by 2050 compared to the corresponding values in 2005. Expanded biofuels must be focused on scaling up feedstocks and technologies that ensure large ghg reductions on a lifecycle basis. The focus of this paper is on alternative fuels, primarily for highway transportation, not on efficiency of vehicles.
Member, committee on transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels. Vehicle technology assessment in the nas report john german, icct. Summary of onroad alternative fueled and hybrid vehicles made available, by fuel. Signs for alternative fuels corridors are not required. The alternative fuels data center afdc hosts an online database afdc. We are in a time of transition from a century of conventional vehicles powered by internal combustion engines burning fossil fuels to a new generation that incorporates varying levels of electric drive and low carbon fuels. Energy information administration eia publishes annual data about fuel use and the number of vehicles in inventory for four types of alternative fuel vehicle afv fleets. The compilation includes research on hydrogen infrastructure deployment, fuel pathways, and planning based. Transitions to alternative vehicles and fuels assesses the potential for reducing petroleum consumption and ghg emissions by 80 percent across the u. Alternative fuels research clean automotive technology. Alternative and emerging fuels section 2 are discussed in the first part of this report, followed by alternative and advanced vehicles types sections 3 and 4, respectively. While visions of sleek selfdriving cars may be realistic in a decade or two, the shift thats occurring today has to do with alternative fuels. Throughout the rest of the paper we will be using the general term installed base. New business models for alternative fuel and alternative oecd.